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Background
Many general radiologists work in a practice that involves reading imaging from the pediatric population including the neonatal ICU. General radiologists need to be familiar with the imaging findings seen in common entities in premature infants. Premature infants have unique pathophysiology leading to specific diseases most commonly involving the brain, lungs, and abdomen. There are important “can’t miss” imaging findings that every radiologist should be aware of. Familiarity with these imaging findings is essential for accurate diagnosis and clinical management.

Educational Goals / Teaching Points
Utilize a case-based approach to review the pathophysiology, imaging findings, treatment, and complications of common premature infant pathology.

Key Anatomic/Physiologic Issues and Imaging Findings/Techniques
Germinal matrix hemorrhage on head ultrasound. Periventricular leukomalacia on head ultrasound. Necrotizing enterocolitis on abdominal radiograph. Respiratory distress syndrome on chest radiograph. Other entities that will be discussed include pulmonary interstitial emphysema and bronchopulmonary dysplasia. Additionally, we will discuss the grading systems for germinal matrix hemorrhage and periventricular leukomalacia.

Conclusion
The general radiologist is frequently tasked with interpreting pediatric imaging, regardless of whether they are fellowship trained in pediatrics. This can often be a daunting task, especially when it involves the fragile premature infant. This exhibit will cover some common pathology that affects the premature infant, which if missed can have grave consequences. Through this exhibit, the general radiologist should become comfortable with the pathophysiology and imaging findings of some of the key pathologic diagnoses affecting various organ systems of the premature infant.