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Background
Intravascular ultrasonography (IVUS) has played a crucial role in the diagnosis, treatment and follow-up of both venous and arterial pathologies, but it still seems to take a back seat to fluoroscopic imaging despite multiple advantages. This may be due to physicians' unfamiliarity with IVUS, including the catheters, indications, advantages, and procedural techniques. Although IVUS is well studied in the realm of cardiology, its role pertaining to interventional radiology is still limited with much of the research focused on IVUS role in peripheral arterial disease and lower extremity vascular disease. The purpose of this presentation is to provide an up-to-date review of IVUS for interventional radiologists.

Educational Goals / Teaching Points
The objective of this presentation is to provide an update on the current applications of IVUS in relevance to interventional radiology practices as well as address the potential future directions of IVUS. This will include both central and peripheral arterial and venous pathologies as well as extravascular pathologies with intravascular consequences. In addition, current catheters, procedural techniques and potential pitfalls of IVUS usage will be discussed.

Key Anatomic/Physiologic Issues and Imaging Findings/Techniques
This discussion will include pathologies such as peripheral arterial disease, lower extremity venous disease, and associated post-thrombotic syndrome, iliofemoral venous disease/May Thurner syndrome, aortic pathologies including AAA, dissections and traumatic ruptures, and carotid disease. The main imaging technique to be discussed is IVUS, but the presentation will also include fluoroscopic and cross-sectional imaging.

Conclusion
IVUS is a useful tool for interventional radiologist with already established roles. With continued education on this imaging technique, it's role may continue to grow in the field, and it can become a more readily used tool.